Peachtree summize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peachtree summize - Essay Example The current weight comes from normalization in different parts, for example, banking that can't be completely stood to progressively basic regions like human services without incredible idea. Also, late disappointments at new Peachtree Healthcare acquisitions are forcing the board to go for an upgrade of the current IT foundation. Change of Opinion Before investigating the critiques, I was progressively centered around the specialized part of the issue with respect to executing either SOA or a solid framework. The human part of the issue as pushed by Kastor was not getting looked at while confining suggestions. In addition, my way to deal with critical thinking for Peachtree Healthcare was progressively subject to determining a fitting solid, SOA or crossover solid SOA structure for Peachtree Healthcare yet as pushed by Halvorson, such a goals would not be conceivable without considering the targets that require accomplishment. Making and keeping up a viable corporate technique neces sitates that goals are taken into essential concentration before some other executions are thought of (Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington, 2008). Positioning Commentator Opinions George C. Halvorson Paul Lefler’s normalization approach won't have the option to convey results for all pieces of the social insurance area on account of Peachtree Healthcare. ... Another prominent part of Halvorson’s approach is his investigate on attempting to utilize instruments without acknowledging what targets require accomplishment. In this regard, Halvorson is completely advocated in remarking that Peachtree Healthcare ought to classify its needs and necessities and should then continue to secure fitting devices. Monte Ford basically raises a significant point and afterward neglects to see through it †chance administration. Portage proposes that Peachtree Healthcare should organize the accessible hazard yet this isn't generally conceivable given the varied idea of tasks at any social insurance foundation. He further recommends that Peachtree Healthcare ought to follow Candace’s assessment of actualizing a â€Å"modular SOA† structure (Glaser, 2007) while remembering regions where such an answer would work and where it would not. Once more, the proposal gave by Ford is to a great extent unclear and unrealizable since hazard cla ssification for what might work and what might not work requires facing challenges that may involve patient’s lives. Giving analogies to a carrier reservation framework and a clinic’s essential frameworks is additionally counter-intuitive since clinical tasks are too changed to possibly be normalized this basically. For instance, a patient requiring treatment for a typical virus would vary altogether from a patient requiring treatment for tuberculosis. Randy Heffner Randy Heffner’s thoughts are best summed up by his last line in the critique when he expresses that Candace ought to â€Å"redo her choice examination and technique arranging, taking a gander at SOA through a business lens† (Glaser, 2007). Heffner is directly at announcing the rising notoriety and adequacy of SOA yet

Econ 101 Model Building Exercise Research Paper

Econ 101 Model Building Exercise - Research Paper Example This implies monetary downturn prompts may really upgrade enthusiasm for items that make individuals progressively appealing and adequate, in spite of the way that downturns hose enthusiasm for dominant part of item sections. By recognizing why and how financial downturns and downturns influence the brain science of ladies, this model ought to enhance creating joins between customer conduct, monetary conditions, and sexual orientation connections brain research. Civi (2013) builds up that monetary downturns can be related dependably with expanded customer spending on customary second rate merchandise, for instance previous salmon for fish because of budgetary limitations, just as spirit promoters like movies. While his examination recognizes expanded spending on magnificence and individual consideration items, the proposal made is that this spending could be a third financial downturn marker, which has profound roots in human genealogical brain science. Ratner et al (2014), thusly, note that the financial downturn of 2007/2008 saw a down-turn in spending for most shopper items and land predictable with other monetary decays, while individuals were less inclined to travel to rather investing energy at home. In any case, even with the anticipated decrease in buyer spending during the last downturn, magnificence and individual consideration items fared bizarrely well. Lopaciuk and Loboda (2013) bolsters this end, demonstrating that while the re mainder of the economy endured record deals decrease, corrective organizations like L’Oreal encountered a 5.3% deals development, utilizing this proof as evidence of the ‘lipstick effect’. This thought, it is noted, has been dependent upon conversation and discussion in ongoing monetary downturns, particularly in the Great Depression during which deals in beauty care products developed drastically. While buyer spending has consistently would in general decrease amidst financial downturns and downturns, there is convincing proof that monetary downturns are connected to expanded shopper spending on

What is Software Engineering and Its Characteristics

What is Software Engineering and Its Characteristics Hello there, in this blog you will get knowledge about what is software engineering and its features. It is a systematic form by which specific types of application for an Electronic (Devices) technology are from Design, Development, Implementation, Testing, and Maintenance. The term Software Engineering was first used at the NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968, which was then used at the time. It evolved to solve the software crisis of that era and after that, it grows into a form of business in which high-quality software develops that is cheap, fast-moving, and easily maintained. Software engineering comprises of two words, i.e., software+engineering= software engineering. Software Summary SoftwareEngineeringSoftware engineeringDefinitionCharacteristicsImportanceDiminishes complexityTo limit software costTo diminish time Efficiency Dealing with big venturesEducation and career opportunities for Software EngineerConclusion The software in the broadest sense is a lot of directions or projects educating a PC to do a particular task. It is a common term to depict PC programs. Contents, applications, programs, and a lot of instructions are regularly used to explain the software. Engineering Engineering is the way toward using information and standards to design, construct, and examine objects. It is a vital component for most things that require development and has a few parts of the educational field, which creates expertise in civil, electrical, mechanical, and chemical. Besides, a few areas have such an extreme interest in engineering that includes projects which deal with engineering only. Software engineering Software engineering or Programming designing is a building branch related to the improvement of software item utilizing characterized scientific standards, techniques, and methods. The result of programming designing is an effective and solid programming item. Software engineering includes various fields that spread the way toward building programming and qualification including necessities gathering, plan, development, upkeep, programming designing management, programming designing models and strategies, programming quality, programming designing proficient practices just as necessary figuring and scientific and designing examination. There is a software engineering institute (SEI) which works with corporates, engineers, education system, and government foundation. It helps in the improvement of the effectiveness of the task and process of software engineering and reports to the computer emergency response system (CERT). Definition According to IEEE (Institute of electrical and electronics engineers), software engineering is defined as the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. According to Fritz Bauer, a German computer scientist, ‘ Software engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically software that is reliable and works efficiently on real machines.’ Characteristics It is training in designing work, It involves the building of qualitative and useful software at moderate costs and Programming designing offers work-related assignment and apparatuses for all software building stages. Importance Diminishes complexity Enormous programming projects are always critical and hard to create. Programming designing has an incredible answer to reduce the problematic nature of any task. Programming designing partitions big issues into a few little issues. And after that, begin tackling every little issue one by one. All these little issues solved freely to one another. To limit software cost Programming requires a great deal of hard work and software designers are generously reputed profession with excellent perks. In addition, a bunch of manpower is always required to create programming with a large number of codes. Yet, in programming designing, software engineers plan everything and decrease each one of those things that are not required. Thus, the cost for programming preparations turns out to be less. When we contrast with any product that does not utilize software engineering methodology. To diminish time Anything that isnt made by the arrangement dependably sits around idly. Whats more, if you are making huge programming, at that point, you may need to run much code to get a definitive running code. This is a very tedious procedure and if it isnt all around overseen, at that point this can take a great deal of time. So if you are making your product as indicated by software engineering methodology, at that point it will diminish a great deal of time. Efficiency Efficiency comes when anything has made according to the predetermined standards. Programming models are the huge focal point of organizations to make it increasingly successful. So Programming turns out to be increasingly successful in execution with the assistance of programming engineering. Dealing with big ventures Vast activities are not made in a couple of days and they require loads of tolerance, arranging, and the board. Whats more, to contribute six and seven months of any organization, it requires bunches of arranging, heading, testing, and support. Nobody can say that he has given four months of the organization to the undertaking and the program is still in its first stage. Since the organization has given numerous assets to the activities and it ought to be finished. So to deal with massive undertakings with no issue, the organization needs to go for this approach. Education and career opportunities for Software Engineer There are two primary parts of software engineering. Applications software specialists make and keep up PC applications. In fact, System programming specialists evaluate specialized needs division of the office and make or keep up fitting frameworks. Setting up and keeping up intranet frameworks would fall under their degree. Programming engineers regularly hold at least a bachelor degree. A master is fundamental for certain positions. It is an ongoing and growing field even during the recession period. Conclusion From the valuation, you know about software engineering and its characteristics or importance. In fact by reading this article, you know about the scope of software engineering course. In contrast, If you find any difficulty in writing software engineering assignments, you can take Software Engineering Assignment Help from our experts and they all are available for help 24*7.

The Global Trend Of The European Union - 1260 Words

In today’s world of scarce resources energy efficiency and renewable energy become increasingly important. It is also well-known that the climate-change as a result of high CO2-emissions, among others, can only be stopped or at least slowed down by reducing these emissions. The general global trend therefore should move towards an increasing use of renewable energies while gradually stopping dependence on non-renewable energies, such as coal or oil. Despite trade-offs in terms of a possible rise in energy prices and impacts on security of energy supply, most developed countries have recognized the general need of a change. (Rà ¶pke, 2013) Focusing on the European Union it is striking how the pace at which the 28 member states are†¦show more content†¦While this may sound logical, it is also true that in Poland the government and the state-owned energy producers work closely together with the government receiving dividends from the energy companies. Changing the energy production in favor of potentially less profitable renewable energy sources, seems therefore little appealing. As a result of this policy, in Poland coal has held a share of around 90 % of the gross electricity generation for years. (Ancygier and Caspar, 2014) (Hahn-Fuhr and Dabrowska, 2015) (Ogniewska and den Blanken, 2012) As can be seen in Figure 1.2, in 2011 the share was still 88 % according to the Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency (2013a). Renewable energies (including biomass, hydro, wind and geothermal energy) only accounted for 7 % according to the same source; according to Eurostat (2015) the share of all renewable energies in the electricity production in Poland even accounted for 8.2 % in that year, but rose to 10.7 % in 2012 and 2013. On the other hand there is Germany – a country trying to be the leader in Europe when it comes to the use of renewable energy sources, the clean and environment-friendly technologies. The German term Energiewende (energy transition) which combines measures to increase energy efficiency and to increase the share of renewable energies has

Running Head BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3065 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Outline PURCHASING CASE STUDY 1 Communication forms the most important part as far the supply chain is concerned. It is through well enhanced communication that buyers and sellers can interact well and their separate needs. The most important lesson I derived from the case study is the importance of harmonizing ideas among the working groups. If the flow of ideas between the concerned parties is not proper, it may lead to total failure. In order for the working procedure to be functional, a supply chain is composed of different elements which are reliant on each other. Each of these parameters needs to be reviewed. The customer initiates the supply chain by making the required order. This is then processed by the supplier and finally the consumer receives the package. Hence, there are several elements entailed in such a transaction. To begin with, inbound logistics is crucial during the supply chain. This is closely followed by the outbound logistics in addition to customer care and operations division. None of these processes can be ignored if the supply chain is to succeed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Running Head: BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS" essay for you Create order There were some missing links as can be noted form the case study. For instance, the quantities of goods shipped were much more than the actual level agreed upon. This affected the inbound logistics. As a result, there was a lot of mess especially when these goods were to go through the outbound logistics. The operations department suffered a lot. Besides, customers who could not get their packages delivered on time got angry hence unsatisfied. It is imperative to consider the available time against the volume of goods to be handled if supply chain is to record any success. 2) Delayed shipment is one of the main problem which led to the entire mess of the supply chain logistics. Therefore, the supplier carried the blame having agreed so. Besides, the very supplier did not issue the accurate information detailing the quantity of goods to be supplied. Although this appeared to be the key issue at hand, later deliberations revealed that the actual problem was lack of understanding between the supplier and the customer when the initial quotation was being made. These factors hampered the operations in the shipment and delivery of the goods. Although the supplier attempted to communicate with the customer care department regarding challenges in production, no positive feedback was received thereby complicating the entire process. 3) Opting for a different supplier would be a better alternative for Avion, Inc. However, there were several pending deals with the initial supplier. Such an action would just aggravate the situation. Hence, it would only be necessary to clear the current backlog of supplies before delegating the work to a different supplier. This will also assist in restoring customer confidence. In fact, the process of selecting another supplier would require more than just enough time and it would be better off if Avion, Inc. clear all the current deals first. 4) The best way to resolve the issue is by getting to the bottom of the problem. It is important for the company to seek the root cause of the problem, who was actually responsible or failed to do their part and the reason why that happen. In fact, blame game cannot help much at this point. Every detail should be keenly filtered in a bid to establish the truth and possible solutions for the same. The reverse method can achieve much in the process of resolving this problem. Although the magnitude of the problem might appear to be small, no single element can be ignored because it may as well as graduate to level difficult to handle. 5) As a customer, it is imperative to play our parts well and in a manner that will not jeopardize the relationship with the supplier or producer. The bargain end with the supplier should be clear to avoid any possible misunderstanding which may arise due to late deliveries or wrong quantities of deliveries. Additionally, good customer will equally seek an understanding with the supplier whenever some eventualities occur. For instance, delays which may result from transport logistics should not cause a breaking point in the relationship between the supplier and customer. Therefore, it is possible to maintain a cordial relationship between the customer and supplier if the former can resort to understanding of the situation at hand. 6) When the supply chain is keenly monitored or scrutinized at every important point, it will account to what is referred to as performance measurement. This does not only assist in assessing the progress of the chain but also giving a thorough evaluation of how efficient the process is running. Information obtained from performance can be used to make necessary adjustments whenever weaknesses are noted. Performance measurement will also ensure that extremely weak points within the supply chain are overhauled or completely modifies. Hence, it is a very important form of monitoring and evaluation which will always ensure sustained growth in a company. 7) The supply chain logistics will definitely experience change from time to time bearing in mind that the market if often very dynamic and which will quite regularly call for changes. Nevertheless, any change effected will depend on a wide array of factors which must also be put into consideration. Every individual change needs to undergo some form of evaluation to see into it that it will not cause any constraint but rather will enhance the supply process. Factors such as the nature and volume of goods to be shipped, time of delivery as well as the location may also bring in several changes on board although by the end of the day, all the aforementioned factors still belong to the supply chain command. When changes in these aspects are carried out with due diligence, the performance index of the supply chain can record significant growth and success. 8) The duration of time taken when an order is placed by a customer and finally receiving the goods is referred to as the lead time. Reducing the lead time by Avion will imply that the latter will be able to secure more time to continue with production owing to the fact more deliveries to customers will be made within the shortest time possible. More orders will be procured by the company and on the other hand, the level of customer satisfaction will definitely be high due to prompt deliveries. Consequently, Avion will be in a position o make more profit. 9) It is necessary to consider both the single source contract and the multiple source contracts. In the first case, goods are obtained from one supplier regardless of the circumstances at hand. On the other hand, multiple source contract permits the customer to obtain goods from a variety of suppliers. The main advantage of the multiple source contracts is that it is always possible to make adjustments in the supply needs depending on the market forces such as demand. However, if the single source contract is adopted, it will be imperative for both the customer and the supplier to create some working goal to be adhered to just in case the two parties break from the norm. in order to improve the relationship between the supplier and the customer, it is upon the customer to set some specific targets which will also match the ability and capacity of the supplier so that minimal hitch is encountered in course of the two carrying out transactions. The guidelines to be followed by the suppli er and the customer should be clearly understood by the two and by so doing; the supply chain will experience positive growth. 10) This case has presented a myriad of issues which definitely require to be addressed expeditiously in order to avoid similar challenges arising in future. The supply chain process can be made better if the following proposals are put into action. Avion should seek to avoid extremely large quantities as far as deliveries are concerned. In addition, they should stick to their time and program of deliveries as agreed upon by Foster technologies. Moreover, the lead time should be borne in mind by Avion so that prompt deliveries are put in place. Quantity of good to be shipped in a given period of time should be well known so that Foster Technologies can fit into the delivery and production schedule. Should there be any changes on the same to be effected, it should be counterchecked and approved beforehand by the manager in charge of production. The increased orders from Avion require a specialist who can offer proper and thorough management. In fact, Avion Inc had at one time pointed out on the size of Foster Technologies and was concerned whether it would be able to effectively handle its production capacity. One of the best monitoring and evaluation systems which should be initiated is that of measurement technique. This will a ssist in getting the feedback on the progress of the supply chain and any changes effected should there be need to do so. The challenges portrayed in this case study are sometimes inevitable and can best be resolved if the root causes are established right from the start. PURCHASING CASE STUDY 2 What do you do in the first 60 days? I will begin by restructuring all the departments in each of the plants after a careful evaluation of the current state. To be able to achieve this, meetings will be necessary. All the departmental representatives will have to attend regular meetings to report on the pertinent information regarding operations within their areas of concern. Besides, each of the individual plants should have the willingness to experience change. For instance, there would be no need for plant managers to be directly responsible vice president of operations. This will just be creating a very long chain of command and will also slow down the implementation of some decisions. I will personally meet them on a regular basis to expedite operations in addition to improving the cohesiveness of the tea. Reforming the way outsourcing is carried out will also form an integral part of this new development. Each plant should be allocated adequate working staff and responsibilities so that an alliance can be initiated easily. Besides, it will be possible for each plant to outsource some of the products which can be cheap and also within reach. This will boost the production capacity and in turn improve the performance of each plant. The logistics should also be customized to fit the capacity of each plant. This will require the use of another party. What relationships will be critical to your success? The communication between the plant managers and I will be very important because it is only through them that intrinsic issues can reach me before eventually reaching the top authority. Such issues can be sorted out between the two of us before elevating tem to the next level. These will jumpstart our relationship. Moreover, it is through such coordination and good relationship that the essentials of team work will be established within the organisation. Those who are not working inside the organisation also require to be recognized and good relationship built. For example, there will be need to build a warm relationship with customers and suppliers so that the image of the organization can be impressive. If customers are treated kindly, it will assure the organisation lifeline and market sustain ability will be guaranteed. In the case of suppliers, a long lasting and warm relationship is important especially if it is a case of single source contract. They form an integral part of the organisation bearing in mind that without them, the supply chain will be incomplete. PURCHASING Case Study 3 Many outsourcing decisions involve the concept of a core competency. Define what is meant by this term. Discuss if film technology is truly a core competency of Santek Prahalad and Gary (1990) described core competence as the best initiative which can be taken by a firm and which also meets the three conditions that is the product should prove to be beneficial to the consumer, competitors should not be in a position to produce easy substitutes which are similar to the product and finally it can dominate most markets which implies that the product has a wide leverage power. Finally, Santek Images has a wide global market for its film products. The single competitor may not adequately make Santek Images to lose the grip of the market. Hence, film technology proves to be the core competency of Santek Images. Develop a process that would guide firms through the in-sourcing/outsourcing process. Create a process that is robust enough to use across a variety of product/service applications This begins with the thorough training of the working staff who may either be in-sourced or outsourced. This is important because the background knowledge of the product being handled is crucial. The marketing of the product is also an important undertaking. A professional endowed with marketing background should be sought in this field. Time zones which affects the working hours of employees is also an important consideration to bear in mind. Hence, shifts for the workers should be well planned to take care of eventualities like accidents at work place. Financial availability of the project should be analyzed by an efficient project manager who should give the right feedback. The manager can either be outsourced or in-sourced. Workers who are outsourced should be well oriented or perhaps the company should have the understanding of the workers located in different parts and plan for their working requirements in the most satisfying manner. Projects which prove to be less volatile an d more stable should be given priority. This will make it possible for development to be carried out in the most uniform way. Each project should be well monitored to ensure that completion is effected at the right time. Indeed, large groups can be assigned a particular project to expedite completion time. A major challenge with an in-sourcing/outsourcing analysis involves gathering reliable data. Discuss the various groups that should be involved when conducting an in-sourcing/outsourcing analysis. What information can each of these groups provide? One of the most viable groups which can be used when conducting outsourcing/in-sourcing analysis is a team which has the professional background in marketing. This team can equally hold meetings with product suppliers who are well versed in the supply field. Such sources of primary information are often deemed to be the best. Nevertheless, the sources of information may include websites, reports from various fields as well as the internet. These sources may sometimes lack consistency or accuracy and may not be fully relied on. Market players who are well experienced in outsourcing or in-sourcing can be used to obtain information pertaining to market research because they have a wide range of relevant data which can be helpful. The data collected in the above processes is then processed, analyzed and used as guidelines for introducing a new product into the market against any possible challenges which may be experienced. 4) Do you think hardware suppliers are candidates for alliances or partnerships with Santek? Why? I suppose an alliance system would work well between the two parties bearing in mind that Santek Images primarily deal with matters related to media and should the latter continue to outsource, then an alliance system will eventually be established making it easier for it to acquire all its suppliers with ease. In addition, the operations of Santek images are quite different with that of the hardware supplies and so it getting into a partnership may mismatch their working portfolio. It is more rewarding if an alliance could be established between the two parties. Partnerships and alliances are special forms of supplier-buyer relationships. First, define the concept of partnerships and alliances. Second, identify when a firm should pursue a partnership or alliance with selected suppliers. Use the portfolio segmentation tool to assist with your answer A Partnership is a form of business arrangement whereby two or more players enter into a contract to start and run a business enterprise. The capital required to start and run the business is contributed by all the partners in the agreement. On the same note, profits and losses are also shared in the same proportion as the amount of capital contributed. Partners in a business may be of different types, some may actively participate in the running of the business while others may be passive in their roles. On the other hand, a business contract which has been facilitated by two or more businesses as a result of seeking ways of improving performance is referred to as an alliance. Some of the reasons why businesses can resort to alliance system are to reduce production costs and also improve customer experience of the goods and services being offered. Risks and opportunities are taken care of by all the members in the alliance. I strongly believe that partnerships can work well in situa tions where both businesses have a comparative operating capacity in the market and that none of the partners has an advantage position than the other. An alliance is best applied when there is need to outsource products from another company due to cost advantage among other reasons. Each of the organization in the alliance is independent to run its affairs and none can stamp an authority over the other. Develop a process that firms can use when identifying and developing supply chain alliances Firstly, planning forms the fundamental starting point when developing the supply chain alliances. It begins by choosing an organisation which has the capacity to form the best alliance. In addition, the goals and objectives need to be clearly crafted out including the requirements of which services to be offered. The evaluation process should also be established to ensure that performance timelines and deadlines are met. Agreements which are mutually beneficial should be anchored so that no alliance member gets a feeling of unfair deal. This will also usher in the need to harness a good working relationship among the alliance members who are supposed to share any pertinent information regarding the agreement. Furthermore, matters regarding tradeoffs should be discussed in details to allow a profitable venture experience between or among the alliance members. Finally, training should be organized to cater for the capacity building and professionalism of the staff across the organizat ions. This will definitely improve the standard of the employees and commodities and services being delivered.

Nike Ethical Dilemma Free Essays

Ethical dilemma is an issue involving moral principles with no right or wrong. There will always have debates on whether one matter is considered being right or to some people’s perspective, it might be wrong. Take for example in Singapore, many people will be against the idea of abortion as it is the same as murder. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Ethical Dilemma or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, there are also some who are not against the idea. In fact, abortions were considered legal so long the pregnancy does not exceed 6 months. It actually depends on one’s conscience and moral to how they look at the matter. In this paper, the ethical issues we will be covering will be on Nike child labour. NIKE inc, a well-known brand in the market that specialize in sporting goods has been reported that the manufacturer engaged, were using children as labour from as young as 10 year of age. These children were for the making of sporting equipments such as soccer ball, shoes and clothes in Pakistan and Cambodia. Using children as labour were seemed morally wrong for many people. It is considered as exploitation of children as they were deprived of their educational and individual rights. However, in the eye of the developing countries, known as â€Å"third-world countries†, child labors were seen perfectly fine with various reasons behind their point of views. The main factor contributing to child labour was mainly due to the poverty face in these developing countries. These children worked so in order to earn money to support their families where parents do not earn enough to support the families (Catherine, 2010). Therefore, there are no doubt these children was not send to school for appropriate education. From the business point of views, is Nike wrong by engaging these manufacturers for the production of sporting products? Well, it depends. Firstly, strictly from business point of view, the manufacturer has an agreement with Nike. This means the manufacturer has to fulfill the amount of soccer balls to be ready for sale at an agreed time or within a time frame. Nike main concern was the final product, soccer ball, and had no wish to interfere or rather was unaware of the working situation in Pakistan In support of the unawareness of the labour, report have shown that one of the manufacturers such as Saga Sports was secretly outsourcing many balls to casual worker where sewing of these balls took place in their homes in which Nike were unaware of, thus, monitoring and keeping track of the labour situation be extremely difficult (Clark, 2006). Children ages were also easily forged since birth records do not exist in Pakistan. As such, Nike ight have employed them according to the information given to them which they assume is correct and real. From another point of view, Nike was actually providing job opportunities to the developing countries where their culture encourages children to start working as early as the age of 10 due to insufficient money earn from parents to support the families. In this point of view, Nike actually did a great h elp in term of improving the country poverty condition. I believe that the culture and the practices of child labour in Pakistan were present way before Nike was involved. Read also â€Å"Glengarry Glen Ross†Ã‚   by David Mamet So, technically speaking, Nike was not wrong to employ this manufacturer as Nike could not and will not have control over these cultural issues. In this case, Nike does not have sufficient good reason to terminate the services of these manufacturers and therefore, Nike strictly were evaluating manufacturer based on their supply chain performance. All other issues such as the age group to use for labour, Nike technically speaking can choose not to interfere in the child labour issue even if it has the power or discretion to do so. Therefore, Nike does not seem to be morally wrong in the continuation of partnership with the manufacturer in Pakistan. Take a look from another perspective, Nike may be morally wrong for the partnership with these suppliers. As everyone is aware, children should be receiving proper education when they are young and not working. Nike action has not only tarnished their images but as well sending a message globally, in supporting the use of children as labour in these developing countries should Nike continue to engage these manufacturers. It is definitely an ethical dilemma in a business situation with the strong reasons on both sides on the employment of these manufacturers. Nike has to make a decision somehow. 2. Proposed Solution The proposed solution was to implement a manufacturer selection system where Nike could place emphasis on the labour selection, specifically, the age group. The purpose of the selection systems was to ensure that no children were to be use in these manufacturing factories. Terms and condition will be stated in the agreement contract where Nike has the rights to take legal action against manufacturer when contract were breach. Nike should also closely monitor the labour situation by conducting regular checks at factories so as to ensure that the standard sets were follow. Auditor and representative from Nike could conduct surprise check on these factories with goals to prevent or reduced manufacturer from deviating from the agreement on the labour requirement. Towards the extreme side, Nike has the right to terminate manufacturer that has repeatedly not adhere to the agreement signed. It 2006, Nike terminated one of the manufacturer in Pakistan namely, Saga Sports after a six month investigation revealed of the non-compliance of the labour standard and requirement set by Nike. With the various proposed solution and some measurements to take into consideration, Nike could definitely enjoy the benefit of outsourcing and at the same time not destroying the children bright futures. How to cite Nike Ethical Dilemma, Essay examples

Counter Reformation Essay Example For Students

Counter Reformation Essay In order to understand the Counter Reformation one must consider the political factors and motivators behind them as well as the belief factors when examining clashes with the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church during 16th century experienced a reformation that was both politically and belief driven. The Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation allowed the church to clearly define its position, eliminate unchristian practices and examine its role in world. This paper will address the political motivators of the Counter Reformation, the unchristian practices that fueled corruption and the clearly defined religious concerns of reformers. It will establish that the use of patronage and nepotism ultimately undermined the spiritual piety of the church. Also, the movements that brought spirituality back to the church will be addressed along with those movements that led to separation from church. In detailing the events and character of this era and analyzing the outcomes of reform it will be concluded that the Counter Reformation was the beginning of a stronger church and an end to an era that quite possibly could have led to the dissolution of the Catholic Church. One must understand the political make up of the Catholic Church during this period prior to addressing the reforms to the church. The church was far more than a religious institution. The Catholic Church was supreme in Europe. The power of the pope was total and this was supplemented by the power the Holy Roman Emperor had as temporal defender of the Catholic Church. Even though the church had no determinate territory it was a state. It had a monarch as a pope, it princes in prelates and its subjects in Western Christendom. It had legislative assemblies in ecumenical councils, a constitution in cannon law, and fiscal agency in the Curia. It went to war, negotiated treaties and collected taxies. The church was the Holy Roman Empire with a stronghold throughout Europe. But this would quickly change. (www. History) At the time of the reformation there was great concern that the Old Church with all its history and tradition was in trouble. This concern came from both within the church and outside the church. Protestant and Catholic reformers alike were troubled by the corruption in the church and its inner workings. Reformers saw that the Christian faith had in many ways been taken captive by a religious system more interested in politics and social accomplishment than in following the example of Christ. They saw the church and its leadership filled with corruption and greed. The Renaissance popes who led the church were not spiritual leaders. Those at the top of the clergy were wealthy and lived lavish lifestyles. They indulged in nepotism, power politics and patronage. Furthermore, the priests at the bottom were poor and unable to administer to the multiple parishes in their charge. Thus it can be said that Counter Reformation was a response to a need for clarity in purpose. But also, one can also say that the Counter Reformation was a natural and necessary response to the Protestant reformation. Catholic reform was slow until after the Protestant Revolution began to make serious in roads upon the ancient faith. A variety of Protestant sects had made their ways into almost half the nations of the Europe by the 16th century. Catholics were dismayed by the great increase in unorthodoxy. Many claim that the Counter Reformation was initiated to win back lost souls. Thus it can be said that the Counter Reformation was a response to maintain and gain back the followers. (Bossy) There were a variety of movements that initiated reform within the church. The Catholic Church during the Middles Ages had lost much as a religious institution. During this period ignorance and corruption in the church was insidious. One only has to look at the church leaders in Spain as evidence. Some priest didnt even understand the Latin in the mass, monks kept concubines and clerics ran taverns and brothels. In response steps were taken toward reform as early as the end of the 15th century. This initial reform from within started as a grassroots effort by zealous monastic groups. Reformers like Cardinal Jimenez realized that the only way to succeed in the war against heresy was to reform the church. Jimenez devoted his life to reforming and educating the clergy. His work came on the heals of the Spanish Inquisition. Through his works the Spanish church by the time of his death in 1517 rested on a moral foundation of iron. Yet Christianity throughout the rest of Europe was sinking deeper into scandal and corruption. (103TL) Another initiative that led to reform was the revival of mysticism and monasticism. Both mysticism and monasticism gave the Churchs followers a more personal relationship with God. Actually one can look to Teresa of Avila as an example. Her reconversion to the faith led to the establishment of 17 convents of the Carmelite Order. Through her works a movement of Christianity arose that could be practiced and experienced from within the believer. This kind of reform was another factor why the Protestant movement did not take hold in Spain. Followers had faith that stressed personal devotion so why would they look to change faiths. (Bell and Sumner) Like Spain reform had begun in the churchs strong hold Italy prior to the Counter Reformation. There were reasons that Protestantism did gain the firm foothold it gained in the north. Most prosperous Italians were secularly and humanistically inclined and found little in the dour doctrines of the north to inspire a transfer of allegiance, they also saw Catholicism as a buttress of social order. The papacy was a cherished institution and the source of great wealth which few cared to see destroyed. Reform in Italy was largely motivated by monastic groups that were compelled to spread their religion and due good works. (103Simon ) The revival of Monasticism strengthened during the Counter Reformation. The reforming monasteries were known to address the social and religious needs of the masses. Orders like the Capuchins, the Theatines, and the Barbanites began to appear. Probably the most important new order was the Society of Jesus. The Jesuits were founded by the great reformer Ignatius of Loyola. The Jesuits emphasized obedience to Christ and the Church of Rome. They devoted themselves to service to God. The Jesuits were a highly selective order and they only welcomed those who spirituality reflected Loyola. One must be willing to engage in unquestionable obedience to the Pope in this order. The mission of the Jesuits was to educate the young, lead the Protestant back to Catholicism and take the Catholic message to the world. The Jesuit Order made the church stronger in that it brought back standards of Catholic priests. Their mission was huge, it was the whole world and their efforts led to the spread of Christianity outside of Europe. Their efforts strengthened the church and increased the number of followers. The renewed Church of the latter 16th Century was largely a product of the Jesuits. (Koch) Another group that favored reform was the humanists. The humanists were a scholarly group that was well versed on the Bible. They knew that the Catholic Church needed to reform from within if it was to look anything like what written about in the Book of Acts. Their concern was addressed through the working of Contarini. Battle Of The Sexes EssayIn order to maintain a following and to perform ones duties bishops who lived outside their dioceses were ordered to return. This was the end to pluralism and believers would have leaders in their dioceses. Celibacy for priest was upheld. The coverting would end. Bishops were ordered to eliminate abuses surrounding the granting of indulgences. This was clearly in reference to the corruption and Luther. Each diocese that did not have a university was to set up a seminary for training priests. This was to maintain the stronghold of the church and gain followers. To strengthen and direct the religious teachings the pope was to follow up the meetings with a catechism, a book of daily prayers for priests and an index of forbidden books that contradicted the faith . a commission composed a missal that standardized prayers and ritual of the mass. A reform that would clarify the teachings. All and all the most positive effect of the Council is that it did reform many of the church abuses. Religious orders returned to their rules, and new orders were founded to undertake the reform started by the council. Reform was achieved by the council of Trent but not unity. A strengthened church would be able to rebuild and grow. The council of Trent failed to reunite the followers of Protestant sects. The decisions for reform came too late and most of the decisions supported Catholic teaching. In addition, the period of the Council of Trent was marred by a revival of inquisition most notably in Spain. As one takes a closer look at the inner workings of the Council of Trent it is clearly evident that the proceedings were politically motivated by the papal authority. There was a difference of opinion about the function of the council, particularly between Paul and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who had been calling for reform for a long time. Spain had long since reformed, and was the only place in modern day Europe with little or no Protestantism. Charles expected the council to clean up the church, remove abuses etc. that he believed were causing the flow of Catholic defectors. Paul however, had no such wish. He believed that drawing up in black and white what was acceptable and what was heretical to the church, in defense to the Protestant attacks on Catholic beliefs. Although at the time it was agreed to look at both complaints simultaneously, as it turned out, Paul had little intention of looking at the issue of abuses. Because of this, Charles quickly lost interest in the council, meaning that there was now no France and no Spain attending the council, leaving the way open for the Pope to have a freer run of the council, which he did. He focused on the exact recording of Catholic beliefs; this was intended to force Catholics who sympathized with some Protestant beliefs, to decide one way or another whose side they were on. This is what it did, rather successfully. Paul was not interested in reaching any kind of compromise with the Protestants; instead he wished to oust them from the Church, as far as he was concerned, they were heretics, who would burn in hell for the rest of eternity. For him to compromise with them would be a heretical act in itself. Also ignored were the protests of Catholic humanist theologians, who had for some time believed that reform was necessary, and who also believed that with the arrival of the council, these matters would be addressed. This was not the case, and the theologians that attended the council to put across their point of view, were usually outmaneuvered by the council Legates, who although being mainly of an Italian nationality, were seen generally as neutral chairmen. These legates quite often employed Jesuit theologians to argue their cases for them. This was extremely effective; indeed, one could say that they were the reason that a lot of Protestant arguments never really got off the ground. (coursework. web) Another implication of Council of Trent was in the calling together of a council. Many believed like Luther that a council should be called to address issues concerning the papacy, not the pope addressing the issues. There had been great fear of conciliatory meetings prior to the Council of Trent because it was believed by the popes that the council would try to take papal control away from the Pope. And in all actuality the Council of Trent reflected this concern. The 270 bishops who attended the Council of Trent were mainly Italians which were a great bonus to the pope as they were under his control. So it can be said that what passed at Trent was what was acceptable to the Pope. The problem of patronage that was so evident in this society was actually playing a role in the Council of Trent. But that would change with a reformed church. Patronage is for the most part power-who gets it, who keeps it, and what they do with it. Power in this case is the control over the behaviors of others, and it may be derived from physical force, control over scarce economic resources, social prestige, or a mix of all of these. Patronage is an indirect for of power, a patron influences the behaviors of others in order in order to advance or withdraw benefits. The debt which his clients have allows the patron the ability to manipulate them; his control over their behaviors gives him power. (Kettering) In a society based on favors the Counter-Reformation was in some instances a shift of power. Prior to the Reformation the wealthy and privileged had the opportunity to place members of their families, kin into the clergy. Actually some patrons were able to expand their power through this method. For power and privilege were the driving forces of the Renaissance Italian society. During the Counter-Reformation after the Council of Trent a large shift in power occurred in Italy. The Pope who was once a large political figure in Italy had lost his political power but gained Religious Power. Patrons, who had dispersed kin as clergy members all over Italy, also lost power. Their power of placement of clergy was no longer allowed and bishops were given the choice of where clergy members should be located. The Political power that had once belonged to both the Pope and the Patrons had now been given to the sovereigns of the separated nations, who full well knew that in the Council of Trent their power would grow. The Council of was a turning-point in the Catholic Church. There was a certainty in practices and beliefs, the churchs foundation had been strengthened and there was a base to grow. Catholicism had reestablished itself and it was a force to be dealt with. By the end of the sixteenth century the Catholic Church was still making some serious reforms. This reform movement which extended into the seventeenth century raised moral and educational standards of the clergy. All inspired by the church with a new zeal and morale. One must conclude that reform was needed.

Being Part of the Vietnamese Eucharist Youth Community

Being Part of the Vietnamese Eucharist Youth Community Have you ever been involved in a club or activity that has a big impact in your life? I have, and it has a big influence in my life. I wouldn't say that I'm a pious Catholic girl, but I think that I have a lot of dedication when it comes to my church. Therefore, my extracurricular activity that is most important to me is the Vietnamese Eucharist Youth Community (VEYC). Although I was forced to join it at first, my relationship has grown stronger with the members there. My time and contribution to the VEYC is to help the next generation of children become better citizen.Being a part of VEYC has made me a better person. The counselors at the VEYC taught me good manners. It wasn't just Sunday-school learning all the time; we have lots of fun also. We go on camping trips and picnics. Every summer, we launch a camping trip where we have bon fires, competitive games, and knowledge contests.CHILDREN ON CAMPING TRIP - NARA - 543677

Deconstruction of Magazine Article Essay Example

Deconstruction of Magazine Article Essay Example Deconstruction of Magazine Article Essay Deconstruction of Magazine Article Essay Certain techniques of language and layout structures are often utilised in a variety of written media, such as magazines, books and newspapers, in order to manipulate the target audience’s opinions and beliefs. A journalist and their article’s motives can be deconstructed by considering five specific areas: the purpose and message of the article, the target audience and their susceptibility to persuasion, the language techniques being used, the bias of the article and lastly, the tone of the article and the audiences’ reactions. The article ‘Rainbows for Kate’, written by Di Webster (March 6th 2008, Marie Claire magazine), will be analysed for its construction within the boundaries of these areas. In order to persuade a certain group of people, a journalist must construct an article with a direct purpose and with a message. ‘Rainbows for Kate’ was written with the intent to inform readers of how friendship is very strong and is always with you when times get hard. The authors viewpoint is clear as every paragraph she talks about the meaning of life, love and friendship. This article is about how two friends come together from another mutual friend and discuss these three things. The ideal reader of this text would feel sympathy and understand why the writer would want to write this article. Instead of directing an article to the general public, a journalist must select a target demographic in order to successfully market the article and its ideas to a narrower, more specific group of people. ‘Rainbow for Kate’ was published in the middle of Marie Claire, spreading from page 102 – 106. As it was published in Marie Claire, this indicates that the target demographic for the article is an older group of people. More specifically, the target audience includes ambitious, kind hearted adults aged 25 and above, who enjoy life and no matter what life throughs at them they will always keep positive and take it on and all it has to offer. The target demographic is also for an older person as they understand and can relate themselves to this article. They would be easily persuaded because everyone has had an experience with cancer, not necessarily themselves but a family member or a friend and would therefore be sympathetic. It is published in a respectable magazine with an informative and emotional tone; therefore they would not question the journalist’s article. If it were published in a different type of magazine with an alternative reputation, such as Cleo or Cosmopolitan, it would attract a different sort of audience and would also not be accepted so readily. It is the subject matter that appeals to the target demographic, rather than the language. The ideas introduced and discussed in the article, such as what is life all about, why do bad things happen to good people, is there a reason? All these topics interest the target audience. The layout of the article also assists in persuading the readers. The main picture, which spreads across two pages, is a colourful, very bright, has pictures of the friends and all the sketches of what the sass and bide collection is about. These pictures, paintings and clippings further enhance the title, which suggests that grieving in a colourful manner and using friendship as an inspiration is a great way to deal with a loss. In order to further persuade the target demographic, the journalist has incorporated several language techniques in order to convince the reader of just how genuine the friendship and love was in the article. In several sections of the article, quotes and things people did were included in the text. An example of this is when the husband of the lady that is dying says what he loved about his wife. The lady’s friend then goes on to back up his stories. Throughout the article the designer from sass and bide talks about how much she connected with the sick lady and how she cant stop thinking about what they discussed. However, not all techniques and aspects which construct an article are visible to the naked eye. One of the most commonly used techniques is the bias of one side, at the exclusion of another. The excluded opinions are often referred to as the gaps and silences, or silenced voices. In this article, the main excluded groups are the educational toys’ spokesperson or manufacturer, parents, users of educational products and also experts on the positives and negatives of the products’ use. While the article promotes attention and extended physical contact between parents and babies, it does not mention any negatives, or the possibility of giving too much attention. By not including these opinions and ideas or the positives of educational products, a strong biased is created. As there is only one side presented, readers often base their opinions on these facts and points, and do not resist what is being offered. However, not all techniques and aspects which construct an article are visible to the naked eye. One of the most commonly used techniques is the bias of one side, at the exclusion of another. The excluded opinions are often referred to as the gaps and silences, or silenced voices. In this article, there are no main groups excluded groups. All the necessary people to do with the story are mentioned. The text also does not mention any negatives. However, it would defeat the purpose of the article if there were but fortunately there are not any. In conclusion, many techniques and strategies are employed by journalists when writing and producing articles. Articles are written with a strong purpose, and are often written in order to manipulate the readers’ opinions. This can be done through bias, gaps and silences, the targeting of a specific demographic and also the tone it is written in. It is important to remain unaffected by the article, and to critically observe it through different viewpoints.

American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

American Dream - Essay Example The origins of Development of American dream can be traced back to WW2. At that time, the economy had been ripped off due to war and the ultimate objective of any American at that time was to secure a steady income along with an ownership of the house. This goal led to increased ethical values along with hardworking, honest and dedicated individuals. The ordinary focus at that time was on community system where people lived with families and were interconnected with each other. This was the primary source of pride and joy for the people. The nation prospered and wholesome value system developed over the period of time (Geela, 2004). In the 21st Century, the American dream has been commercialized and has become more of a marketing concept. The marketing agencies and politicians have been able to convince the people that having a second home, vacation at least once a month in Europe and then purchasing expensive jewelry and equipment is necessary in order to achieve a status in the society. This had led to development of unethical values in the society and destroyed the ongoing prosperity leaving a materialistic aspect in individuals. These values have been deep rooted in the society and are now becoming a major source of all evils in the society. Individuals have started believing that things can bring happiness and prosperity, rather than values. The example of Christmas holiday fits the best. Christmas has been diverted from family meals towards gifts and shopping. Consumerism is the need of the hour since it leads to increased spending patterns across the society, leading to debt perpetuity. The overall concep t have changed, and Americans have started believing that ones with the most wealth and assets live more as compared to the ones who have more happiness. This has led to borrowing of higher amount of debts more than one’s ability to payback. As a result, most of the Americans defaulted and were not able to payback which led to confiscation of their assets and belongings. These people are now depressed, jobless and homeless. This increased debt borrowing also leads to the collapse of the whole financial system. The Subprime mortgage in 2008 was purely based on this explanation. Mortgage brokers distributed the loans under the banner of American Dream and people with poor credit worthiness borrowed; they were not cross examined by the lending institutions. As a result, they were unable to payback which had a busting effect on real estate industry and collapse of major financial institutions which trickled down across the globe. The American Dream is more of a materialistic appr oach towards achieving success and joy in life rather than a positive approach. Innovation, determination, integrity, community, social and ethical values were the true spirits of American behavior which are now covered in a cloak of fraud, unethical practices, ignoring the family and promoting consumerism among the people (Luttwak, 2010). From the downfall of Enron to huge government deficits and escalating inflation, everything is destroyed due to severity of unethical behavior in government and companies. The educational system has been subjected to degradation and the family system has been broken down. The children are separated from their parents and then

Internet Governance Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 16750 words

Internet Governance - Dissertation Example The Internet's expansiveness and socio-economic importance has created challenging global policy issues. A co-ordinated attack on key infrastructure components or a major security breach could now have significant economic and social repercussions. Even mundane responsibilities like IP number system and DNS administration or technical standards setting have been controversial, including questions about their global inclusiveness. Globally, the digital divide not only captures access impurity but also nationally imposed content restrictions for those already connected. The Internet is not defined by the geographic boundaries that govern nations and laws of the non-virtual world. Without a clear jurisdictional framework for the Internet, scholars, businessmen, and laypersons have been left to decipher in a piecemeal fashion what set of laws and norms, if any, shall govern this forum. The United Nations recognises 189 sovereign countries throughout the world, each with its own system of governance and legal framework. This leaves a vexing international question of who should exercise power over Internet activity and what standards shall be upheld. 1.1 Internet Governance The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is a private Unites States of America not-for-profit corporation that has taken responsibility for allocating Domain Name System (DNS) and IP addresses. ICANN co-ordinates the DNS system: it delegates the management of top level domains and ensures the global database is coherent. The Internet root is a file, whose maintenance is delegated by the Department of Commerce of the American government and ICANN to a technical service provider.... The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is a private Unites States of America not-for-profit corporation that has taken responsibility for allocating Domain Name System (DNS) and IP addresses. ICANN coordinates the DNS system: it delegates the management of top-level domains and ensures the global database is coherent. The Internet root is a file, whose maintenance is delegated by the Department of Commerce of the American government and ICANN to a technical service provider. This file is then replicated to the other root servers. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a technical coordination body for the Internet, which are specifically coordinating Internet domain names, IP address numbers, and Protocol parameter and port numbers. In addition, ICANN coordinates the stable operation of the Internet's root server system. ICANN's mission is to coordinate technical and policy functions of the DNS in order to promote a safe, stable and commercially viable domain name system, promote competition, and achieve broad representation of global Internet communities. These co-ordinated functions stand in stark contrast to the ad hoc basis on which U.S. government contractors and grantees, and a wide network of volunteers handled many of these key issues. While this informal structure represented the spirit and culture of the research community in which the Internet was developed, the growing international and commercial importance of the Internet necessitated the creation of a technical management.

The importance of enterprise wide computing

The importance of enterprise wide computing â€Å"The Importance of Enterprise-wide Computing And The Difficulties of Information Sharing Within The Growth of Personal Computers and Database in Current Environment† Introduction Current breakthroughs in information technology have enabled the worldwide usage of distributed computing systems, leading to decentralize management of information. This has been supported by and has become inflamed great competition in business through faster and more precise data storage and retrieval and information processing. A number of organizations have accomplished high efficiency, comprising ease of use and lesser costs in operations by adopting a client/server computing structure. Furthermore, system integration and interoperability issues are being intensified as institutions and organizations are moving from mainframe based processes towards an open, distributed computing environment, and this situation is pressing corporations into an accelerated construction of extensive distributed systems for operational use. Technological transformations are at this point is happening and accelerating very fast that it may increase the computational power just same as the creation of desktop and personal computers did. Soon a lot of demanding computer applications will no longer be executed mainly on supercomputers and singular workstations relying on local data sources. Alternatively enterprise-wide systems, and eventually nationwide systems, will be used that include of workstations, vector supercomputers, and parallel supercomputers linked by a local and wide-area network. With this technology, users will be displayed with the illusion of a singular and highly powerful computer, rather than a collection of moderate machines. The system will program the application components on processors, administer data transfer, and moreover, it provides communication and synchronization to dramatically enhance application performance. Furthermore, barriers between computers will be concealed, similarly accompanied by the location of data as well as the drawback of processors. To demonstrate the theory of an enterprise-wide system, first think about the workstation or p ersonal computer on a table. It can run the applications by a ratio that is generally a function of its expense, manipulate local data kept on a local disk, and perform printouts on local printers. Sharing of resources among another user is minimal and also hard. If the workstation is joined to a local area network, not only the resources of the workstation are available, but so with the network file and printers is actuality made available to be used and shared. This enables expensive equipment such as hard disks and printers to be shared, and permits data to be shared between users on the Local area network. With these types of system structure, processing resources can be divided and shared in a method by remote login to another machine. To understand an enterprise-wide system, a lot of systems in under a bigger organization, such as a company, or academic institutions are connected, so it will become additionally powerful resources such as parallel machines and vector supercompu ters. Still, connection solely does not construct an enterprise-wide system. To transform a collection of devices with machines into an enterprise-wide system it requires software that can perform sharing resources such as processor cycles and databases similarly as easy as sharing files and printers on a Local area network. Background Of Enterprise-Wide Computing The enterprise-wide computing environment is a distinct environment as of conventional host-centric information technology environments that support traditional types of information systems. In a host centric computer surrounding and environment, for an example a mainframe, each information system and application deals with its corresponding technical responsibilities independent of the other groups. The groups productions are worked together. However, there is an intense level of independence as well as separation among the groups. In the host centric environment, the operating system along with application software work by process system resource applications between the software layers in a hierarchical method. This allows the applications group to construct programs and transport the source program to the production environment for collection, while not corrupting different application software products. In the situation of an interruption, the program is backed out of the produc tion surroundings and the clients carry on their regular roles using an earlier version of the program. Application computer programmers exist in a somewhat isolated world and system management is not an interest. This is a usual support approach to an organization which used these traditional system and software approach. Host centric computing environments developed for the time when hierarchical organizations were the pattern. As an outcome the information technology fields of this period were hierarchically structured. Furthermore, at that time information technology was designed and deployed to support hierarchical organization structures. Meanwhile, in the enterprise-wide computing environment, enterprise-wide client/server information systems were developed to fit various different organizational structures for example, flat and matrix, differ from the traditional where it only fixed with the hierarchical organization structure. Client/server application provides the versatility and diversity required to support these various organizational structures. Client/server technologies allow software systems to converse with each other through a network. The systems connect clients and servers through a network that supports distributed computing, diagnosis, and presentation, given a common approach for distributing computer authorization within organizations. A client is a program that attaches to a system to request resources, and a server is a program that runs on a device listening on a designated part of the network wait for different programs to connect to it. Client/server information systems can operate separately i n standalone networks or moreover, regularly as the portion of an enterprise-wide network. In this scenario, a client/server computing structure provides for the network connection of any computer or server to any other computer, allowing desktops to connect to a network and access various servers or other system resources easily. In comparison, host-centric traditional information systems run in a standalone environment. Client/server technology divided the information system in three layers. The first layer, the presentation layer, is the portion of the information systems that the customer views. For example, a web site downloaded from www.dell.com present text, pictures, video, etc. By this level, the customer inserts buying information to the dell server. The second layer is the operation layer where the algorithms execute and also the general data manipulation takes place. At dell server, the customers data is processed. For example, credit card confirmation and a total are de cided derived from the number of items bought. In the third layer, the data layer, information is kept and fetched from the dell databases. The three layers exist in host-centric traditional information, however, execute on a particular computer. The Importance Of Enterprise-Wide Computing The arrangement of business strategies for an organizations information technology is a repetitive subject in an information system scope, and has appeared obviously in the latest surveys of critical concerns for information system management. Present day corporate downsizing patterns have had the effect of flattening organization structures. A conversion of information systems has gone along with this organizational flattening. Various different architectures have advanced during the transition from the monolithic centralized systems of the previous to the decentralized, distributed, client/server, and network-based computing architectures of the present day. In spite of their diversities, many of these architectures share an important attribute allocation of processing jobs or data through various computing platforms. In simple occasions this might require saving data or applications on a local area network server and retrieving it using a personal computer. In further complicated situations, is when encountering partitioning of databases and application programs, data migration, multiphase database updates, and many more. The common thread in these scenarios is the use of enterprise-wide computing to accomplish a single task. The speedy enterprise-wide computing growth during the 1990s has transformed the information system roles and its management in many institutions as well as organizations. The attributes of this transformation frequently comprise a downsizing of systems apart from mainframe environments to smaller platforms, paired with network-based accesses to information management. In different situations, it has been an increase in the dimension and sophistication of end-user developed systems, or the up scaling of departmental or local area network based computing, alongside local area network have become the repositories for mission-critical corporate information. Computing difficulties that once were allocated to mainframe computers are now regu larly allocated to desktop computing platforms. Cost performance ratios keep on improving dramatically over reasonably short periods of time. The arrival of the Internet and the Web offer exceptional chances as well as demanding management problems. In the middle of an expanding set of technology alternatives, information system managers must however encounter basic inquiries with regard to the character of underlying technology infrastructures and the application of rapidly changing technologies to business decision making. The term â€Å"enterprise-wide computing architecture† is being used to define the set of computing platforms in addition to the data networking facilities to support an organizations information needs. Once upon a time fairly well-balanced in nature, architectures are at this point is a subject to frequent alteration as organizations attempt to achieve the best fit technology to their organizations. Given the expanding set of technological alternatives, this has got turn out to be no longer an easy task to achieve. It has become an important concern for information system managers since dependence on information technology increases. Regardless of this issue, efficient strategies for specifying an enterprise-wide computing architecture are however lacking. Architectures are the appearance of an organizations overall information system approach. Technological integration is growing viewed as a way to support the overall strategic goals of a business. Appropriate architectures of enterprise-wide computing enable organizations to meet current information needs, and to successfully adopt brand new information processing paradigms in a cost-effective method. The advantages of coordinated architectures comprise: minimization of unacceptable redundancy of system components, appropriate measurement of information processing roles to platforms, significant allocation of computing resources to organization locations, as well as the capabilit y to share information resources among organizational bodies at a manageable expense. The idea behind the enterprise-wide computing includes the capability to centrally control and moreover manage numerous software distributions across a huge number of clients workstations. Administering over one hundred applications across more than one thousand desktops in the enterprise-wide environment can turn out to be an ominous assignment and a nightmare. But, finding and making use of the proper tools for this task can be the single most important goal to be obtained. While IT organizations resume to grow, so does the need for simplified management tools that can contribute to greater functionality. When the total of workstations and software applications taken care of in the desktop environments carry on to grow from day to day, the organization must sequentially analyze the tools with which these environments are administered. Issues and difficulties of information sharing for databases in context of enterprise-wide computing The swift advancements in hardware, software, and networks technology have caused the management of enterprise wide computing network systems has become gradually a more challenging job. Due to the tight connecting among hardware, software, and data of computer peripherals, each hundreds or thousands of personal computers that are linked and connected in an enterprise level environment has got to be administered efficiently. The range and character of nowadays computing environments are incrementally changing from traditional, one-on-one client/server fundamental interaction to the brand new cooperative paradigm. It subsequently turns out to be of primary importance to provide the method of protecting the secrecy of the data and information, while promising its accessibility and availability to authorized clients. Executing on-line querying services securely on open networks is remarkably difficult. For that reason, a lot of enterprises outsource their data center operations to other application service providers. A promising management towards prevention of unauthorized access to outsourced information and data is being applied by encryption. In the majority organizations, databases contain a critical assembly of sensitive information and data. Protecting with a suitable level of protection to database content is hence, a necessary section of any comprehensive security program. Database encryption is a proven technique that establishes an additional layer to traditional network and application-level security solutions, hindering exposure of sensitive data and information, even if the database server is compromised. Database encryption avoids unauthorized users, including intruders breaking inside an organization network, from obtaining and seeing the sensitive information and data in the databases. Likewise, it permits database administrators to carry out their jobs without enabling them to access sensitive information and data in plaintext. Whats more, encryption protects data integrity; like probably data tampering can be identified as well as data correctness can be restored. While frequently research has been done on the interchangeable impact of data and transmission security on organizational comprehensive security strategy, the impact of service outsourcing on data security has been fewer investigated. Traditional approaches to database encryption ha ve the unique objective of protecting the data in the repository and also assume trust in the server, which decrypts data for query execution. This hypothesis is slighter justified in the modern cooperative paradigm, where various Web services cooperate and trade information in order to approach a variety of applications. Efficient cooperation among Web services along with data owners often needed critical information to be prepared continuously available for on-line querying by another services or end users. For example, telemedicine programs involve network transferring of medical data, location established services need availability of users cartographical coordinations, whereas electronic business decision support systems regularly have to to access sensitive information such as credit statuses. Clients, partners, regulatory agencies and even suppliers nowadays usually need access to information initially intended to be kept deep within organizations information systems. executing on-line querying services securely on exposed networks is excessively difficult; for this rationality, many organizations choose to outsource their data center exercises to external application source providers rather than permitting direct access to their databases from potentially ill-disposed networks like the Internet. Additionally, outsourcing relational databases to external providers promises higher accessibility and availability with more effective disaster protection than in-house developments. For example, remote storage technologies, storage area networks are being used to place sensitive and even important organization information at a providers site, on systems whose architecture is particularly designed for database publishing and access is managed by the provider itself. As an outcom e of this trend toward outsourcing, extremely sensitive data are now kept on systems operates in locations that are not under the data owners control, such as chartered space and untrusted partners locations. Consequently, data confidentiality and even integrity can be set at risk by outsourcing data storage and its management. Adoption of security best practices in outsourced spots, such as the utilitization of firewalls and intrusion detection devices, is not under the data owners jurisdiction. In inclusion, data owners may not completely trust provider discretion; in the contrast, preventing a provider from looking over the data stored on its own devise and machines are extremely hard. For this nature of services to run successfully it is therefore, of its main importance to provide the way of protecting the confidentiality of the information remotely kept, while assuring its acceccibility and availability to authorized clients. The demand that the database component remains confidential to the database server itself introduces a couple of new fascinating challenges. Traditional encrypted DBMSs assume trust in the DBMS itself, which can subsequently decrypt data for query execution. In an outsourced environment outline, such hypothesis is not applicable anymore as the party to which the service is actuality outsourced cannot be granted full access to the plaintext data. Since confidentiality claims that data decryption must be possible solely by the client site, methods that can be used to countermeasure these inconveniences are needed for allowing untrusted servers to execute queries on encrypted data. Bibliography APA style refer to book Cases on Database Technologies and Applications for sample or articles on APA citation.

The H Reflex Test Health And Social Care Essay

The H-reflex trial as Delwaide. , and Fisher. , explained can be utile for the nonsubjective step of motor neuron hyperex-citability Although assorted techniques for this survey have been introduced, the ratio of the maximal amplitude of H-reflex to maximum M-amplitude ( H/M ratio ) is most practical because of the easier technique. H/M ratios tend to be increased in patients with CNS lesions and upper motor nerve cell marks, and enlisting curves are altered in a mode consistent with increased irritability of the cardinal motor nerve cell pool. Conversely, H reflexes during cataplexy are depressed. H-reflex surveies in patients with CNS disfunction have been helpful for understanding the pathophysiology of these upsets. Many Potential benefits could deduce from RSWT, compared with ESWT, because it is less painful consequence and therefore can be administered without anaesthesia, thereby cut downing the hazards of intervention for patients. Furthermore, due to the radial emanation of RSWT, the calcification, one time located radiographically, is certainly included inside the moving ridge extension country. Contrarily, when the daze moving ridge is focused, as occurs in the ESWT, refocusing of the applier is sporadically necessary to be certain that the moving ridges hit the calcification. [ 37 ] Furthermore, no ultrasound usher is needed to execute curative applications of RSWT. [ 13 ] A direct consequence of daze moving ridges on fibrosis and on the rheological belongingss of the chronic hypertonic musculuss in CP should be considered together with the documented curative consequence on bone and sinew diseases. [ 15-19, 38-39 ] Possible repressive effects of daze moving ridges on hypertonic musculuss and sinews might be attributed to the consequence of mechanical stimulations of daze moving ridges on the musculus fibres following to the sinew that can non be excluded as suggested by ( Leone and Kukulka. [ 40 ] Besides uninterrupted or intermittent tendon force per unit area produced by daze moving ridge could diminish the spinal irritability without durable clinical or neurophysiological effects. Another possible mechanism was the mechanical vibratory stimulation, which reduces irritability of motor nerve cells and induces the alteration of F moving ridge. [ 40 ] Despite transitory and short enduring repressive continuance of mechanical vibratory stimulation on musculus, the clinical consequences of this survey continued for hebdomads and assisted in suppression of monosynaptic irritability of tendoachillis as revealed by take downing of the H/M ratio in the survey group.This happening proposing a different mechanism of action need farther probe and account. Geldard [ 41 ] in his work found that Pressure technique has been therapeutically effectual to change motor response and when force per unit area is continuously applied, there is a diminution in sensitiveness. Tuttle and Mc Clearly [ 42 ] added that mechanical force per unit area ( force ) , provided continuously is repressive, possibly because of force per unit area version. It is hypothesized that this deep force per unit area activates pacinian atoms, which are quickly altered receptor ; nevertheless, the version may change with the strength of stimulation and with the country of the organic structure being stimulated. This force per unit area seemed most effectual on sinewy interpolations. [ 42 ] Pacinian Corpuscles as Quillin [ 43 ] explained are located deep in The corium of the tegument: in entrails, mesenteries, and ligaments and near blood vass. Interestingly. they are most plentiful in the colloidal suspensions of the pess, where they seem to exercise some influence on position, place, and ambulation. The pacinian atoms adapt rapidly and they are activated by deep force per unit area and speedy stretch of tissues. [ 43 ] Umphred et al. , [ 43 ] reported that Because of the rapid version, a kept up stimulation will efficaciously do suppression by forestalling farther stimulations from come ining the system. The technique of deep force per unit area is applied to hypersensitive countries to normalise skin responses. Besides, they recommended that changeless force per unit area applied over the sinews of the wrist flexors may stifle flexor hypertonicity every bit good as elongate the tight facia over the sinewy interpolation. The force per unit area is applied across the sinew with increasing force per unit area until musculuss relax. [ 43 ] Pierson [ 45 ] recommended that the kept up force per unit area is effectual in cut downing spasticity if it is applied to the sinew than the musculus belly. It is thought to move as a counter thorn that overwhelms centripetal ability to intercede other types of stimulation. H-reflex testing has shown that the motor nerve cell is inhibited in the sinew being pressed. [ 45 ] In their work about the consequence of soleus musculus force per unit area on alpha motor neuron automatic irritability in topics with spinal cord hurt ( SCI ) Robichaud and Agostinucci [ 46 ] found that Circumferential force per unit area applied to the lower leg decreased soleus musculus alpha motor neuron automatic irritability in topics with SCI. [ 46 ] The consequences of survey tested the effectivity of intermittent tendon force per unit area on the depression of alpha motor neuron irritability. Kukulkaet al. , [ ] showed that the application of intermittent force per unit area to a sinew produced a statistically important lessening in the amplitude of the H physiological reaction, bespeaking a depression in alpha motor neuron irritability. This depression was sustained over a 30-second period of intermittent force per unit area application. These findings support those reported earlier by KuKulka et al. , [ 47 ] in which sustained tendon force per unit area was found to bring forth a transeunt suppression of motor neuron irritability. Intermittent tendon force per unit area, hence, may be utile for patients who require a sustained decrease in musculus activity, and sustained tendon force per unit area may turn out most utile for transeunt decreases in musculus tone. [ 47 ] Sing to the repressive consequence of quiver, Maisden [ 48 ] in their surveies showed that Because its ability to diminish allergic tactile receptors through supraspinal ordinance, local quiver is considered an repressive technique.. Vibration besides stimulates cuteaneous receptors, specifically the pacinian atoms, and therefore can besides be classified an extroceptive modes. Vibrators function with frequence below 75 Hz is thought to hold an repressive consequence on normal musculus. [ 48 ] Umphred et al. , [ 44 ] concluded that low-frequency quiver used alternately with force per unit area can be extremely effectual. It should be remembered that these combined inputs use different neurophysiological mechanisms. [ 44 ] Vibration is an effectual manner to stamp down the H-reflex as stated by Delwaide. , [ 49 ] and Braddom & A ; Johnson. [ 50 ] Somerville and Ashby [ 51 ] added that Using a vibrating stimulation to the Achilles sinew in the limb under probe consequences in depression of the H-reflex that may outlive the continuance of the quiver by several hundred msecs. The mechanism of H-reflex suppression as explained by Taylor et Al. , [ 52 ] is unknown but may affect presynaptic suppression through primary spindle sensory nerve fire or neurotransmitter depletion. The consequences of this survey agreed with the determination of the work done by Manganotti and Amelio [ 53 ] who used 1,500 shootings of daze moving ridge to handle flexor musculuss of the forearm and 800 shootings for each interosseus musculus of the manus with 0.030 mJ/mm2 strength. They reported that ESWT on the flexor hypertonic musculuss of the forearm and the interosseus musculuss of the manus was effectual for the betterment of upper limb spasticity in shot patients for more than12 hebdomads. Besides the determination of Yoo et Al. [ 29 ] proved important decrease of spasticity on the cubitus flexor and carpus pronator for 1 to 4 hebdomads after 1,000 shootings of ESWT with 0.069 mJ/mm2 strength. In their survey aimed for measuring the spasticity and electrophysiologic effects of using extracorporeal daze wave therapy ( ESWT ) to the gastrocnemius by analyzing F moving ridge and H-reflex. Sohn et al. , [ 30 ] concluded that after using ESWT on the gastrocnemius in shot patients, the spasticity of the mortise joint plantarflexor was significantly improved, with no alterations of F wave or H-reflex parametric quantities. They recommended that farther surveies are needed to measure the mechanisms of the antispastic consequence of ESWT. The important betterment in the development of walking accomplishment in the participant kids in the survey group might be due to the application of traditional neurodevelopmental intercession technique in add-on to the long permanent decrease of spasticity produced by daze moving ridge therapy and its function in take downing calf musculus spasticity.This inhibitory consequence on tendoachillis hypertonus assist the kids in the survey group to develop their motor map and walking abilities which was positively reflected on the gross motor map step mark in the walk-to portion following station intervention period The transition of Achilles tendon hypertonicity and its influence on bettering motor functional and walking abilities for hypertonic CP kids is attendant with the position of Natarajan and Ribbans [ 54 ] who strongly affirmed on that aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"Achilles tendon is involved in a assortment of padiatric conditionsaa‚ ¬A? .So its shortening or failing is a characteristic of many neurological conditions impacting the cardinal or peripheral nervous system such as intellectual paralysis. And Achilles tendon spasticity, failing or contractures in these conditions lead to detaining of walking and pace abnormalcies.

Brazil Economic Growth Essay

Currently, Brazil’s economy can be said to be better than it was some 30 years ago. This is because of the sustained implementation of policies that aid the economy. However the growth rate has been slowing down since 1980. From that time, there have been vulnerabilities in their public sector balance sheet and the distortion of taxes. This has resulted from the monetary policy that has been implemented in the country (http://www.wilsocentre.org). The growth rate is at 2.7percent although they aim to increase it to around three or four percent. It is also affected by the high interest rates that are experienced in the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Up to 1999, the rates were constantly increasing. This was because of the exchange rate stabilization program that was introduces and after that they rose because of the destabilization policies. The policies were put in place to help curb high inflation rate. This worked because since 1993 the inflation has been decreasing. A lot has actually changed during the governance of President Lula. Since their form of government is federative republic they have the mandate to remove the president from power through voting. The people in power therefore have to ensure that they improve the economy and make good their promises so that they can be voted back. Brazil has been able to move up to number 10 in the world economy scale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The gross public debt compared to the GDP rates is very high. In June 2007, it had reached and 182 billion. The previous year recorded a debt rate of 157 billion. This is the debt owed to the creditors who are abroad (http://brazileconomy.blogspot.co). The government’s foreign debt in the same time period rose from 64.8 billion to 71.2 billion. Although the ratio between GDP and the gross public debt is skewed towards debt the fiscal surplus has been increasing. It has reached a level of 4.25 percent of the GDP because of the high interest rates. It means that the GDP is also increasing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brazil concentrates on the production of iron and steel, chemicals, petroleum processing, automobile assembly and cement making (http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com). The motor vehicle assembly industry is the backbone of Brazilian economy. Through foreign investment and construction of other plants the industry is expanding rapidly. The export sector contributes greatly to the growth of the economy. The export intermediary goods contribute 13.5 percent of the economy while the manufactured goods contribute 55 percent of GDP. Most of the intermediary goods are from the steel and iron industry and also the cement making industries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Brazilian economy is controlled by both public and private sector but leans more on the private sector. It allows foreign investment in its industries. It has a lot of natural resources including crude oil, which it mines, and processes. Most of these industries are privately owned and the government benefits from the taxes paid. It works closely with the United States of America. It buys American treasures and as of June 2007 the share of Brazil of he America treasures had risen from 1.7 percent the previous year to 4.2 percent. The relationship between America and Brazil is therefore said to be positive because they buy from each other. America benefits from the Brazilian industries as consumers and also as investors and Brazil benefits in the same way. Reference: Brazil Economy Watch Tuesday September 18th 2007. Retrieved on September 20th 2007 from http://brazileconomy.blogspot.com/ BRAZIL INDUSTRY retrieved on September 20th 2007 from http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Brazil-INDUSTRY.html Economic Policy and Prospects for Reform: Lula’s Second Administration November 2006 retrieved on 20th September 2007 from http://www.wilsoncentre.org/topic/pubs/ThinkingBrazil.24.pdf.